[ABSTRACT] In the last few years, psychoneuroimmunology/psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNI/PNIE) has evolved into a scientific interdiscipline that has attempted to resolve the Cartesian dualism that divides the mind and the body. The modern conceptual themes of PNI are geared to demonstrate that the mindbody unit is founded in a complex network of PNIE interactions where the psychological, nervous, endocrine and immune systems create a supersystem of control over the organism in which the comm