Name: Manuel Trujillo, M.D.

Address: 2 Tudor City Place, #5HS, New York, NY 10017

Place of Birth: Seville, Spain

Education:
1962 B.Sc. Seville University, Seville, Spain
1968 M.D. Seville University Medical School, Seville, Spain


Postdoctoral Training:

Internships and Residencies:

1970 - 1971 Resident in Psychiatry, Pilgrim Psychiatric Center, West Brentwood, NY

1971 – 1973 Resident in Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Lincoln Hospital, Bronx, NY

1972 – 1973 Chief Resident in Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Lincoln Hospital, Bronx, NY

Clinical and Research Fellowships:

1971-1976 Fellow, Psychoanalytic Medicine Program, Post Graduate Center for Mental Health, New York, NY

1975-1978 Fellow, Research Training in Psychiatry, SUNY, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY


Licensure and Certification:

1972 New York State License Registration
1976 American Board of Psychiatry & Neurology (P)
1988 American Society for Addiction Medicine
1989 American Psychiatric Association, Certified in Administrative Psychiatry




Academic Appointments:

1977-1979 Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY

1978-1981 Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, SUNY, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY

1981-1986 Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, City University of New York, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, NY

1991-1995 Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Vice-Chair, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY

1995-2002 Professor of Clinical Psychiatry and Vice-Chair, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY

2002-Pres Professor of Psychiatry and Vice-Chair, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY



Hospital Appointments:

1973-1976 Staff Psychiatrist, South Beach Psychiatric Center, Baltic Street Service, Brooklyn, NY

1976-1977 Chief of Service, South Beach Psychiatric Center, Baltic Street Service, Brooklyn, NY

Chief clinician-administrator for an integrated system of care consisting of two 25-bed inpatient units, day hospital, outpatient services, and community liaison team serving a population of 150,000 in northwest Brooklyn.

1977-1978 Director, Washington Heights Community Service, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY

A clinical and research demonstration project in community psychiatry with a distinguished history in the testing of settings and modalities for providing mental health services to geographically defined population. The Service is also a training site for psychiatric residents, psychology interns, and other mental health professionals.

1978-1981 Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Staten Island Hospital, Staten Island, NY

A privately sponsored Department of Psychiatry within a general hospital context. The Department included a 29-bed unit, which I designed and planned, an outpatient clinic, and an alcoholism program.

1978-1981 Director, South Beach Psychiatric Center, Staten Island, NY

A 450-bed community-based system of mental health care sponsored by the Office of Mental Health of NY State, serving a population of 1.5 million in western Brooklyn and Staten Island. The Center provides psychiatric care through a network of community-based resources. Directorial responsibilities include overall direction, budgeting, clinical direction, planning, research, and evaluation.

1981-1985 Director, Program Evaluation and Research, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY

Responsible for leadership and management support to research programs of the Department of Psychiatry, a 100-bed general hospital-based Department. As Director of Research, I developed a series of studies in the area of psychotherapy outcome research, including double-blind studies of short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Other areas of activity include cross-cultural studies, studies of the clinical classification of schizophrenic disorders, etc.

1985-1989 Medical Director, Holliswood Hospital, Holliswood, NY

Responsible for designing and developing clinical programs, teaching, and research in this state-of-the-art 100-bed private psychiatric hospital which opened in 1986 in a suburban area of Queens, NY.

Holliswood Hospital had an annual budget of over $25 million and has achieved a reputation for clinical excellence and innovative program development.

1987-1988 Medical Director, Psychiatric Division, Mediplex Group, Inc., Wellesley, MA

Responsible for the development of medical and clinical programs at psychiatric facilities developed by Mediplex Group, Inc., Psychiatric Division. Two facilities were developed during my tenure, the Savannas Hospital, Port St. Lucie, Florida; and Stafford Meadows, Houston, Texas

1989-1991 President, Association of Hispanic Mental Health Professionals, New York, NY

1990-1991 Director, Hispanic Clinical and Research Center, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY

1991-Pres. Director of Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY

The Department of Psychiatry of Bellevue Hospital Center is a 369-bed urban psychiatry program combining a diverse mix of inpatient and ambulatory divisions in psychiatry, substance abuse, and consult/liaison. Since 1991, the Department systematically expanded its clinical capacity adding, among others, an innovative Emergency Room Program and expanding its Substance Abuse Detoxification Program. The scope of our teaching (3 new Fellowships) and research programs.

1998-1999 Secretary, Bellevue Hospital Center Medical Board

2000-2001 Vice-President, Bellevue Hospital Center Medical Board

2002-2004 President, Bellevue Hospital Center Medical Board

2005-Pres. President, American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry


Other Professional Positions and Major Visiting Appointments:

1983 Visiting Professor of Psychiatry and Fullbright Fellow, University of Bilbao, Spain

1988-1990 Visiting Associate Professor of Psychiatry, SUNY, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY

1990-1991 Visiting Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx Municipal Hospital Center

1990-1991 Visiting Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY



Awards and Honors:

1976 NIMH Fellowship Training Grant, Study of Differential Psychopathology in Spanish Americans
2000 Honorary Member – Spain’s Psychiatric Society
2001 Distinguished Psychiatric Administrator Award – American Association of Psychiatric Administrators, New York Regional Chapter
2003 Rafael Tavarez, MD, Memorial Award for Clinical Excellence – Association of Hispanic Mental Health Professionals




Major Committee Assignments:

1991-1995 Co-Chair, Managed Care Committee, Council of Directors of Psychiatry Health and Hospitals Corporation.


Memberships, Offices and Committee Assignments in Professional Societies:

 Member and President – American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry
 Founding Member and President – New York Association of Hispanic Mental Health Professionals
 Member – American Medical Association
 Member – American Psychiatric Association
 Fellow – New York Academy of Medicine
 Fellow – New York Academy of Science
 Member – American Association for Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies
 Member – American Association of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions
 Member – American Association of Psychiatric Administrators
1985-1996 Member – Commissioner’s Advisory Board, New York Office of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Alcoholism Services
1989-1991 Member – Mental Health Services Council, New York State Office of Mental Health
.

Major Research Interests:

1. Insight oriented short-term dynamic psychotherapy, as applied to Anxiety, Depressive and Personality Disorders.
2. Community psychiatry; designing and evaluating evidence-based treatment programs for patients suffering from severe and chronic mental illness.
3. Clinical features and differential diagnosis of schizophrenia.
4. Culture and psychopathology.
5. Creating an infrastructure for research at Bellevue Hospital Center, a 369 bed academic general psychiatry service with many specialized programs for Children and Adolescents, Dual Diagnosis, Consult-Liaison, AIDS and others.



Principal Clinical and Hospital Service Responsibilities:

1976-1977 Chief of Service and Attending Physician, South Beach Psychiatric Center, Baltic Street Service, Brooklyn, NY

1977-1978 Director and Attending Physician, Washington Heights Community Service, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY

1978-1981 Chairman and Attending Physician, Department of Psychiatry, Staten Island Hospital, Staten Island, NY

1978-1981 Director and Attending Physician, South Beach Psychiatric Center, Staten Island, Staten Island, NY

1981-1985 Director and Attending Physician, Program Evaluation and Research, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY

1985-1989 Medical Director and Attending Physician, Holliswood Hospital, Holliswood, NY

1990-1991 Director, Hispanic Clinical and Research Center, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY

1991-Pres. Director of Psychiatry and Attending Physician, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY


Teaching Experience:

1978-1981 Organized a highly sought out course in “Topics In Community Psychiatry”. For PGY III’s –PGY IV’s (Downstate Medical Center).

1981-1985 Organized seminars in Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy as well as weekly senior teaching rounds. (Beth Israel Medical Center).

1990-1991 Organized teaching in Cross-Cultural Psychiatry at The Presbyterian Hospital of Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons.

1992-1993 Organized a one year Visiting Professorship in Cultural Psychiatry. (Professor Lloyd Rogler: Visiting Professor)

1993-1994 Conceptualized and recruited key Faculty for the implementation of a Fellowship in Emergency Psychiatry to train post-graduates in Advance Psychiatry.

1993-1994 Conceptualized and developed curriculum and recruited key Faculty for a fellowship in Consult-Liaison.

1993-1994 Chaired the operational committee, leading the organization of curriculum, clinical rotations and academic activities for the first Human Sexuality Fellowship.

2001 In the process of developing a curriculum for a Fellowship in the Psychiatric Treatment of Survivors of Torture and other Human Rights Violations.




Service Grants:



AGENCY
TITLE OF GRANT
GRANT
PERIOD
TOTAL
DIRECT COSTS PRINCIPAL OR
CO-INVESTIGATOR
Department of Mental Health Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Services
1992-Pres
$1,000,000/yr
Principal
Department of Mental Health Outpatient Commitment Program
1994-Pres.
$400,401/yr
Principal
Department of Mental Health
Multicultural
1994-Pres.
$323,423/yr
Principal
Health & Hospitals Corp. Methadone to Abstinence
1998-Pres.
$1,500,000/yr
Principal
Health & Hospitals Corp. Alcohol & Substance Abuse Assessment
1999-Pres.
$660,000/yr
Principal
Van Ameringen Foundation Joint Primary
/Psychiatric Care to Survivors of Torture
1998-Pres.
$261,000/yr
Principal
Department of Mental Health Outpatient Forensic Psychiatry (Bronx Court Clinic)
1998-Pres.
$379,478/yr
Principal
Department of Mental Health Assisted Outpatient Treatment Program 1999-Pres. $1,800,000/yr Principal
Department of Mental Health Project Liberty 10/2001-Pres. $3,167,349 Principal
Office of Mental Health Assertive Community Treatment Program 2004-Pres $700,000 Principal
Health & Hospitals Corp. Forensic Psychiatry Expansion 2004-Pres. $3,100,000 Principal




CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS:

Co-Investigator: “NYU/WTC Responders Health Consortium.” CDC-NIOSH, Principal Investigator, Joan Reibman, MD NYU Medical Center ($762,409), 8/2004

Co-Investigator: “Bellevue Hospital Red Cross WTC Health Impacts Program,” American Red Cross/Rockefeller Philantrophies Advisors, Principal Investigator, Joan Reibman, MD, ($2,300,000), 5/2005

Co-Investigator: “NIDA Clinical Trials Net Work NY” NIH/NIDA, Principal Investigator, John Rotrosen, MD, (1,250,000), 9/05-8/10



Bibliography:

Journals:

1. Standard Journal Articles:

Trujillo, M. & Jardon, C. Refining Diagnosis by Clinical Observation: Recognizing Manic-Depressive Among Chronic Schizophrenics. Frontiers of Psychiatry, Vol. 7, #5, 3/1/77.

Dahl, H., Teller, V., & Trujillo, M. Syntax as an Incidental Stimulus in the Communication of Warded-Off Contents. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Vol. XLVII, 339-363, 1978.

Lieberman, HJ., Beck, J. & Trujillo, M. The Bayview Minor Program: From Custodial Care to a Social Learning Program in a Large Community Residence. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 23, #1, January/February, 1982.

Trujillo, M. Interview with David Malan: Thirty Years of Clinical Research. International Journal of Short-Term Psychotherapy, Vol. 1, (31-41). John Wiley & Sons, 1986.

Taurke, E., McCullough, L., Winston, A., Pollack, J. & Trujillo, M. Change in Patient Affect/Defense Ratio from Early to Late Sessions in Brief Psychotherapy. J. Clinical Psychology, 46 (5), 657-668, 1990.

Winston, A., Pollack, J., McCullough, L., Flegenheimer, W., Kestenbaum, R. & Trujillo, M. Brief Psychotherapy of Personality Disorders. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 179 (4): 188-193, 1991

McCullough, L., Winston, A., Farber, B., Porter, F., Pollack, J., Laikin, M., Vingiano, W. & Trujillo, M. The Relationship of Patient-Therapist Interaction to Outcome in Brief Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 28, 525-533, 1991.

Campanelli, F., Lieberman, H. & Trujillo, M. Creating Residential Alternatives for the Chronically Mentally Ill. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, Vol. 34, #2, 66-168, February 1993

Serper, MR., Alpert, M., Ferguson, M., Thaler, T., Pouget, E. & Trujillo, M. Comorbidity of cocaine abuse and schizophrenia: An examination of clinical functioning across an acute episode. Biological Psychiatry, 260A, 1994

Castaneda, R., Sussman, N., Levy, R., & Trujillo, M: "A Treatment Algorithm for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Cocaine Dependent Adults. A One-Year Private Practice Study with Fluoxetine, Bupropion, and Long-Acting Stimulants. Substance Abuse, Vol. 20 (1): 59-71, 1999

Abad, AA., Levy, R., Castañeda, R., De Castro, A., Trujillo, M: “Superior Efficacy of Olanzapine in Chinese Schizophrenic Patients: An Open Label Pilot Study” (Submitted for publication)

Castaneda, R., Levy, R., Hardy, M., & Trujillo, M: Long Acting Stimulants for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Disorder in Cocaine-Dependent Adults. Psychiatric Services, Vol. 51 (2) 169-171, February 2000.

Chou C.-YJ., Czobor, P, DacPano, G., Richardson, N., Tuma, I., Trujillo, M., Cooper, TB., & Volavka, J: “Haloperidol Blood Levels in Acute Mania with Psychosis”. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2000. In Press.

Galanter, M., Dermatis, H., Keller, D., Trujillo, M: “Network Therapy for Cocaine Abuse: Use of Family and Peer Supports”. The American Journal on Addictions;11:161-166, 2002



Books and Other Monographs

1. Books

Trujillo, M: “ Psicología para despues de una crisis” (Psychology after Crisis) Aguilar Press, Madrid 2002


2. Chapters in a Book:

Marcos, LR., & Trujillo, M. The Use of Sodium Amytal Interview as a Therapeutic Modality. In J.H. Masserman (Ed.) Current Psychiatric Therapies, Vol. 18, New York: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1978.

Marcos, LR., & Trujillo, M. Language, Culture, and Communicative Behavior: A Psychiatric Examination of Spanish-American Patients. In Latino Language and Communicative Behaviors. R. Duran (Ed.), Norwood, NJ, Ablex Publishers, 1981.

Winston, A. & Trujillo, M. The Uncovering Process in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. In "Edipal Factors in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy." Horner, A. (Ed.) Jason & Aronson, Publishers, New York, 1985.

Winston, A. & Trujillo, M. Working Through in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. In "Edipal Factors in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy." Horner, A. (Ed.) Jason & Aronson Publishers, New York, 1985.

Trujillo, M. & Winston, A. Conflict-Resolution in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. In "Edipal Factors in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy." Horner A. (Ed.) Jason & Aronson Publishers, New York, 1985.

Trujillo, M. & Winston, A. Termination in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. In "Edipal Factors in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. Horner, A. (Ed.) Jason & Aronson Publishers, New York, 1985.

Trujillo, M. Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. In "Psychotherapist's Casebook: Casebook, Theory, and Techniques." Kutash, L. & Wolf, I. (Eds.) Josey Bass Publishers, San Francisco/London, 1986.

Trujillo, M. "Cultural Psychiatry". In Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Vol I, ed. 7, Sadock, BJ and Sadock VA., (Eds) Williams & Wilkins Publishers, Baltimore, Md. 2000

Trujillo, M.: “Implementation of Outcome Assessment in Systems of Mental Health Care”. In “Outcome Measurement in Psychiatry: A Critical Review”. IsHak, W., Burt, T., & Sederer, L .APA Press. 2001.

Trujillo, M.: “Culture and the Organization of Psychiatric Care” In “Cultural Psychiatry: International Perspectives”. Mezzich, J., & Fabrega, Jr., H. (Eds). In Psychiatric Clinics of North America. September 2001

Trujillo, M: “Aspectos Transculturales – Trastornos Neuroticos”. In” Roca, M., (Ed.) Trastornos Neuroticos. Sociedad Espanola de Psiquiatria. September 2001.

Trujillo, M: “The Treatment of Narcissistic Disorders with Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy”. In “Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy”. Vol.I: Psychodynamic/Object Relations. Magnavita, JJ., (Ed.) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publishers, New York, NY April 2002.

Trujillo, M: “Culture-Bound Syndromes”. In Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 8th Edition. Vol II, 8th Ed. Sadock, BJ & Sadock, VA, (Eds.) Williams &Wilkins Publishers, Baltimore, MD. December 2004

McCullough, L., Winston, A., Farber, B., Porter, F., Pollack, J., Laikin, M., Vingiano, W., & Trujillo, M. The Relationship of Patient-Therapist Interaction to Outcome in Brief Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research

Abad, AA., Levy, R., Castaneda, R., De Castro, A., & Trujillo, M: “Superior Efficacy of Olanzapine in Chinese Schizophrenic Patients: An Open Pilot Study” (Submitted for Publication).

Dermatis, H., Galanter, M., Trujillo, M., Rahman-Dujarrie,C., Ramaglia, K., & La Gressa, D: “Evaluation of a Model for the Treatment of Combined Mental Illness and Substance Abuse: The Bellevue Model for Peer-Led Treatment in Systems Change”. Journal of Addictive Diseases. (In press)


3. Published Proceedings Paper

Trujillo, M. "Community Psychiatry: The Resident's View." APA Convention, Honolulu, Hawaii, May 1973

Trujillo, M. "Delivering Mental Health Services to the Puerto Rican Client." APA Convention, Detroit, Michigan, May 1974

Trujillo, M. "Chronic Schizophrenic: Atypical Manic-Depressive?" APA Convention, Toronto, Canada, May 1977

Trujillo, M. "Short-Term Psychotherapy and Personality Change." American Academy of Psychoanalysis, New York, NY, December 1981.

Trujillo, M. "Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy of Highly Resistant Patients." APA Convention, Toronto, Canada, May 1982.

Trujillo, M. "The Day Hospital in Community Psychiatry," VII World Congress of Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria, July, 1983

Trujillo, M. "Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Adult Schizophrenics." VII World Congress of Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria, July 1983

Serper, MR., Ferguson, M., Allen, M., Trujillo, M., & Alpert, M. Neurocognitive functioning in Cocaine Abusing Schizophrenics. A Work in Progress. Presented at the Society in Psychopathology, Chicago, Illinois, 1993.

Serper, MR., Alpert, M., Ferguson, M., Thaler, T., Pouget, E. & Trujillo, M. Comorbidity of Cocaine Abuse and Schizophrenia: An Examination of Clinical Functioning and Neuroleptic Response Across an Acute Episode. Presented at the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, 1994.

Wallack, JJ., Trujillo, M., Marcos, L., Weinstein, H., Rosner, R: Outpatient psychiatric civil commitment. In: Proceedings of the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Miami, FL: May 20-25, 1995.

Trujillo, M. "Active Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies". The Royal Roads to the Unconscious. Presented at the Conference on Analytical Therapy at the University of Cadiz, Spain. July 8-16, 1995.

Trujillo, M. "Towards a Culturally Competent System of Psychiatric Care." 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. New York, NY: May 4-9, 1996.

Trujillo, M: "Cultural Clinical Competence in a Managed Care Environment: A New Challenge for Cultural Psychiatry." Presented at the International Conference on Mental Health In The Americas. New York, NY. May 10, 1996.

Trujillo, M: "The Psychodynamic Treatment of Personality Disorders: An Outcome Study of Brief Therapy." X World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain. August 1996

Trujillo, M: "Substance Abuse Co-Morbidity in Urban Psychiatry." X World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain. August 1996

Trujillo, M: "Contemporary Techniques of Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy." X World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain. August 1996

Trujillo, M: "Urban Psychiatry". X World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain. August 1996

Trujillo, M: "Cultural Competence and Managed Care". Latino Behavioral Health Institute's Second Conference, Long Beach, CA. September 11-13, 1996.

Trujillo, M: "Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis." International Symposium, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. March 13-15, 1997.

Trujillo, M: “Outpatient Commitment: The New York Experience”, Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Toronto, Canada, May 30 – June 4, 1998.

Trujillo, M: “Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Theories and Techniques”, annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in New Orleans, LA, May 5-10, 2001

Trujillo, M: “XI National Congress of Psychiatry, Oviedo, Spain, October 2-4, 2002 (Proceedings)

Trujillo, M: “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder”. The Psychological Impact of New York Twin Tower Disaster”, presented at the VIII International Symposium Advances in Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain, February 18-19, 2003.

Trujillo, M: “Culture and Psychiatry Diagnosis” Towards DSM-V” presented at the 2003 Critical Research Issues in Latino Mental Health Conference. Princeton, NJ, November 7-8, 2003.

Trujillo, M: “Cultural Competence in Behavioral Health”, presented at the Eighth Annual National Hispanic Medical Association Conference on “Hispanic Health Strategies Across the Nation”. Washington, DC, Capitol Hill, March 19-21, 2004.

Trujillo, M: “El Médico y la Sanidad Española” presented at the Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Médicos, in Madrid, Spain, April 29, 2004.

Trujillo, M: “Posttraumatic Stress”, presented at the Sociedad Española de Especialistas en Estrés Postraumático at the Colegio de Médicos in Madrid, Spain. June 14, 2004.

Trujillo, M: “Comorbidities and Outcomes in Psychiatric Disorders” presented at the World Psychiatric Association Conference: Quality and Outcome Research in Psychiatry. Valencia, Spain. June 17-20, 2005

Trujillo, M: “Psychology and Neuroscience in the XXI Century”, presented at the I European Congress of the American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry. Alicante, Spain. June 22-25, 2005



3. Monographs in a Series

Trujillo, M. & McCullough, L. Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Clinical and Research Issues. In “Clinical Insights Monograph Series” APA Press, Washington, D.C. May 1985